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Title: | The physiological experiments of Constantin von Economo on the central pathways of mastication and deglutition |
Authors: | Petousi, Vasiliki G. Proios, Hariklia Triarhou, Lazaros C |
Type: | Article |
Subjects: | FRASCATI::Medical and Health sciences::Clinical medicine FRASCATI::Medical and Health sciences::Basic medicine::Neurosciences (including: Psychophysiology) |
Keywords: | Central pattern generator Chewing and swallowing History of Neuroscience Pontine reticular formation Substantia nigra Trigeminal nerve |
Subjects MESH: | Animals Austria Brain Brain mapping Chick embryo Deglutition Electrophysiology History, 19th Century Humans Mastication Neural Pathways Neurology Publishing Physicians |
Issue Date: | Oct-2019 |
Source: | Revue Neurologique |
Volume: | 175 |
Issue: | 9 |
First Page: | 506 |
Last Page: | 518 |
Abstract: | The first study of Constantin von Economo on the mammalian brain was published in 1902. Experiments were carried out in rabbits at the Physiological Institute headed by Siegmund von Exner-Ewarten in Vienna to investigate the central pathways of chewing and swallowing. After placing cortical lesions, Economo applied cortical and subcortical electrical stimulation to obtain masticatory movements, and tracked degenerated fibers by means of the Marchi method. He traced fibers through the internal capsule, ventral nucleus of the thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra and its connections with the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, and nucleus solitarius. He suggested that the substantia nigra is responsible for coordinating alimentation movements, with the involvement of cranial nerves V, VII, IX and X as well. We discuss these findings in a historical and a modern perspective, including the concept of a central pattern generator in the pontine reticular formation and its interaction with the nucleus solitarius. Today we understand that mastication is a voluntary action controlled by motor cortical areas, by motoneurons of the trigeminal, and by a neural pattern generator in the pons. On the other hand, deglutition comprises ‘reflex swallowing’ triggered by sensory fibers of cranial nerves V, IX and X, and ‘voluntary swallowing’ which may be controlled by both cortical fields and subcortical areas, such as the internal capsule, the hypothalamus and the mesencephalic reticular formation. © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS |
URI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2018.10.009 https://ruomo.lib.uom.gr/handle/7000/779 |
ISSN: | 0035-3787 |
Other Identifiers: | 10.1016/j.neurol.2018.10.009 |
Appears in Collections: | Department of Educational & Social Policy |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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Triarhou REV NEUROL 2019.pdf | 2,12 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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