USA, EU and China as the Leading Actor in the World Trade and Cybersecurity, Divergences and Convergences

Abstract

The European Union (EU), United States (US), and China are the main global drivers of the international trade system. Trade wars between them create tensions in the world. As the world is facing increasing neo-protectionist trade applications of the Trump administration, this paper analyses whether a greater convergence between China and the EU is possible for protecting multilateralism through two case studies, namely (1) market conditions and discrimination, (2) cybersecurity. In this context, the paper argues that although the US pressure has led the EU to reapprochement with China, this situation creates a dilemma for the EU in terms of the fears about the problems of alignment with the normative identity of the EU. Whereas the EU aims at regulating the global trade on a normative basis originating from its acquis, China has a more strategic perspective based upon specific relationship context. It is difficult to take a side for the EU due to its different standpoint compared to China in defending the multilateral trading system.